DRAM (Dynamic Random-Access Memory)

• Type: Volatile memory.
• Usage: Main system memory in computers and other devices.
• Characteristics:
  • Stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit.
  • Requires periodic refreshing to maintain data.
  • Slower but less expensive than SRAM.
  • Higher density, allowing for more storage.

SRAM (Static Random-Access Memory)

• Type: Volatile memory.
• Usage: Often used for cache memory in processors due to its speed.
• Characteristics:
  • Does not need to be periodically refreshed like DRAM.
  • Faster but more expensive than DRAM.
  • Lower density compared to DRAM.

L1 Cache (Level 1 Cache)

• Location: On the processor chip.
• Size: Smallest among the cache levels, typically ranging from 16KB to 128KB.
• Characteristics:
  • Fastest cache level, with the shortest latency.
  • Directly connected to the processor core.

L2 Cache (Level 2 Cache)

• Location: On the processor chip, but might be a bit farther from the core than L1.
• Size: Larger than L1, typically ranging from 128KB to 1MB.
• Characteristics:
  • Slower than L1 but faster than L3 and main memory.
  • Acts as a bridge between the fast L1 cache and the larger, slower L3 cache or main memory.

L3 Cache (Level 3 Cache)

• Location: On the processor chip, shared across cores.